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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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us 

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Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WfST  MAIN  STRilT 

WIBSTn,N.Y.  MStO 

(716)«72-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductlons  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


D 

D 


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Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couieur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  peliicui^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I — I   Coloured  pages/ 


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D 
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I      I   Includes  supplementary  material/ 


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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


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10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


I 


12X 


16X 


20X 


28X 


32X 


ails 

du 

>difier 

una 

naga 


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Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

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plus  grand  soln,  compta  tenu  de  la  co'idition  at 
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conformltA  avec  les  conditions  du  c  jntrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
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sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplalres  originaux  dont  le  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprlmAe  sont  fllmAs  en  commenpant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'lllustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autras  exemplalres 
originaux  sont  fllmAs  an  commandant  par  la 
pramlAra  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'lllustration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


U 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  —»•(  meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Un  dee  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
darniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tablaeux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fllmAs  A  dee  taux  de  rAduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grend  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  an  bas,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaira.  Les  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthoda. 


rrata 
to 


pelura, 
nA 


n 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

wOTiirtiiiiirtaiiiiriWMifcMii6MMaijarl^ 


>MW>lWrll'filiWirmi-»te.<awtew^^  ' ' 


1^ 


««IM'    IlllllWPIHIl.t,!    III." 


«m«i 


HOW  TO  KEEP  A  DOG 
IN  THE  CITY. 


BT 


"MOUNT  ROYAL." 
WESLEY  MILLS,  M.D.,  D.V.S.,  Etc., 

Professor  of  Physiology.  Leoturer  on  Pynology  and  Dlreotor  of 

Oaalne  Ollnlo  In  the  faoulty  of  OomJ^rsul?  MedlcllJli^d 

Vejerlnsry  Solenoe  of  MoOlU  University.  Montreal- 

Author  of  "Animal  Physiology,"  "Comparative 

Physiology,"  Eto. 


Oopyrlchted  isai 
By  WiLUAH  K  JwKMtaB. 


NEW  YORK: 
WILLIAM  R.  JENKINS,     - 
VETERINARY  PUBLISHER  AND  BOOKSELLER, 
851,  853  Sixth  Avbnvb.    - 

1891. 


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t 


Introduction. 


As  the  world  gets  older  civilization  becomes  more 
complex :  cities  multiply  and  grow  vaster;  popula- 
tion is  more  and  more  gathered  in  great  oentren ;  man- 
kind departs  more  and  more  from  Nature ;  artificial 
wants  arise  and  are  met  only  to  beget  others  more 
exacting ;  the  struggle  for  existence  becomes  keener ; 
men  live  amid  piles  of  brick  or  stone  or  mortar  with  but 
a  few  feet  of  unoccupied  soil  called  a  "  yard."  Many  a 
parent  amid  this  ceaseless  bustle,  this  agglomeration  of 
unnatural  conditions  must  sigh  for  a  state  of  things  for 
his  children  such  as  he  himself  enjoyed  as  a  boy — the 
&mily  horse,  the  family  cow,  the  cat  and  above  all 
his  old  and  well-remembered  canine  friend  Carlo,  whose 
meny  ways  sweetened  th^  hours  of  boyish  freedom. 
He  says  to  himself,  "  How  I  would  like  to  have  at  least 
a  dog — one  dog  for  my  boys  that  they  might  learn  by 
actual  contact  with  the  creature  something  of  the  reid 
nature  of  animals.  I  would  like  to  teach  my  boys  to  be 
kind  to  animals,  to  realize  that  they  ha 's  feelings  like 
themselves  and  that  they  are  models  cl  ^loselfish  devo- 
tion.'* Often  he  ponders  over  this  grert'  blank  in  the 
education  of  his  children,  not  to  mention  the  uubatisfled 
want  in  his  own  existence,  so  at  last  he  broaches  the 
subject  to  the  partner  of  his  joys  and  sorrows  somewhat 


_,— — -— 


w*ODoonoir. 

our  children  do  1.07^*  Jl^  ^°**  '"^'•-    Ifind«>.t 

looked  at  picture,  of  do«t  Lor^'^**-    ^^^  '-^^ 
niug  the  Btreet.  but  an^fnl^    °i"  "°**  "«•"  *»>••»  "in- 

upignorantofallotherhumlnK  •  **>«"  ^oy.  to  grow 
yet  we  are  letting  Zmp^Tr^^T  f^^^  ^^rneUes, 
tW  are  naturally  mZ^^T^^'  '^«^  «^«-  when 
that  creature  which  htCntott^^"''^*''  ^^°«'°'  °' 
world,  a  companion  ahe  W        ? '"  ""^^'^  •»«  <>'  tb« 
'«!  friend.    Cde^:ttn;"ete"^"••""^ 
essential  to  anyone  who  «l*i!.    *    J^    °'  *°»™»1  ^'e  i« 
least  degree  a  Zrd^  edlca^f  ^  *"?  "°«'^«^  «  tie 
children  to  get;  -^^'i^tett^'tr  T"*-^  «- 
which  they  can  get  it  better  ♦!,       u      °'  "**  ^^^  " 

development  of  a  nice  dtw^r  ^'^  '^^^''^^^  ">« 
maturity."  ^°*  '^°»  1>"  P«PPyhood  to  his 

pil'^g^l^ixref^^^^^^ 

the  streets.  getgatheS^dTnTlt^.T ''^"  '"» 
about  by  those  who  have  kenL^  *»o«  e«tche.:  or  railed 
"became  a  nuisance.  s^~S '--«<* «-»^ that 
■train  as  this:    "oh    Tn».„    V  P^'®*  '"  8»«h  a 

don't  go  and  get  on«nVfi?'    P'  «°°^"«'»  «^e  now 

itwaaLyttf:Lrd:;\t:sr"'^^     ^^ 

Jow  they  had  to  send  away  ^TtZ T **"'°« "»« 

brought  home,  why  he  wL  th«     ^"P^  ^''  ^"«^d 
wbuld  pull  at  the  mate  Ti^ .      5'***"  ""^^^^cc  i  he 

1-t  they  had  t«^?a"elrpaTr    "  ^^  '°"-'  «d  ** 
cleaned  I "  "  P"^°'  *'*'Pet  takon  op  and 

"  But  did  not  the  children  like  him  f  M 


linking  oTer  •  pro. 
I  ■olve.    I  find  th»t 
t  thing  about  our 
ledge.    Thejhtv. 
»nd  seen  them  run- 
r  hare  never  really 
iiese  boTB  to  grow 
»  except  oanelves, 
of  their  liTes  when 
twerve,  ignorant  of 

n  every  age  of  the 
^tor,  a  most  ttdth- 
ot  animal  life  it 
e  received  in  tie 
»  •«  we  wish  our 
ow  of  no  way  in 
l>y  watching  the 
Juppyhood  to  his 

city  and  in  com. 
as  seen  them  run 
catohe:  or  railed 
such  a  way  that 
plies  in  sueh  a 
Iness  sake  now 
puppies.    Why 
-was  telling  me 
r  her  husband 
)  nuisance ;  he 
3  down,  and  at 
**kea  np  anj 


nmoDvuTioM.  ■ 

m 
f 

"Oh,  yes,  they  were  in  ecstaoies  over  him.  They 
preferred  him  to  all  their  toys.  They  used  to  examine 
him  from  nose  to  tail,  and  when  be  was  not  about  they 
played  dog  with  each  other." 

"  Did  they  seem  to  understand  him  V  " 

"  Well,  I  do  not  know  much  about  puppies,  but  those 
children  seem  to  have  known  just  how  that  puppy  felt, 
if  I  may  judge  by  their  talk." 

"Well,  wife,  surely  you  do  not  want  our  children  to 
grow  up  utterly  ignorant  of  all  animal  life.'' 

"Oh,  they  can  amuse  themselves  with  toy  dogs, 
horses,  and  such  like." 

' '  Wife,  listen  while  I  read  you  this  which  I  clipped 
from  a  paper  the  other  evening,  I  do  not  know  who 
wrote  it,  but  I  do  know  that  it  is  true,  and  as  I  sat  think- 
ing over  my  own  boyhood  when  you  were  long  fast 
asleep  the  oUier  night  I  read  this  and  resolved  to  discuss 
the  matter  seriously  with  you.  'Where  will  you  find  a 
man  always  grateful,  always  affectionate,  never  selfish, 
pushing  the  abnegation  of  self  to  the  utmost  limits  of 
possibility,  forgetful  of  injuries,  and  mindful  only  of 
benefits  received  ?  Seek  him  not ;  it  would  be  a  useless 
task  ;  but  take  the  first  dog  you  meet,  and  from  the  mo- 
ment he  adopts  you  as  his  master,  you  will  find  in  him 
all  these  qualities.  He  will  love  you  without  calcula- 
tion. His  greatest  happiness  will  be  to  be  near  you  ;  and 
should  you  be  reduced  to  beg  your  bread,  not  only  will 
he  aid  you,  but  he  will  not  abandon  you  to  follow  a  king 
to  his  palace.  Your  friends  may  quit  you  in  misfortune, 
but  your  dog  will  remain  ;  he  will  die  at  your  feet ;  or, 
if  you  depart  before  him  on  the  great  voyage  will  ac- 
company  you  to  your  last  abode.'  " 

After  reading  this  they  both  sat  silent  for  some 


V 

'"'■ODnOTlOll. 

ow  houae  front,  riirht  on  «     ?'^'**^*°»»JJy«'d' 

5'*^^-  I  am  told  that  th^  a^h  ^"^  '  ^« '»  »»•• 
off  M  we  are  and  that  he  feU  u  t  ??  ^-  -  »>adlj 
J'  ^  had  alwaj.  had  ^vVJia      ^**°^^  '°'  ^°  W.  youth 

problem  of  keeping  a  doc  in  i.     »    ''"  """'^^^  *»  t^e 
*o  do  it  in  a  few  pagi?.  *   °  "*•  ™*^  *«<»  l"*  teU.  how 


^K' 


•1',  John,  I  think  I 
''•••id  I  do  not  know 

•»•  th«  difBoultieg. 

yaverjrgnjaJlyard* 
»•* ;  but  here  ie  , 
'  Keep  a  Dog  i^  j^, 
jnce  waa  a«  badlj 

ly/orinhiayouth 
plenty  of  room  for 
the  worked  at  the 
r  and  he  teUa  how 


HOW  TO  KEEP  A  DOG  m  THE  OnT. 


CHAPTER    1. 


HOW    TO    CHOOSE  A  DOO. 


EVERYTHING  depends  on  getting  your  dog ; 
and  his  surroundings  suited,  the  one  to 


J  and 

roundings  suited,  the  one  to  the 
other.  A  St  Bernard  may  please  you  to  perfection 
but  you  cannot  keep  him  without  annoyance  to  your- 
self and  a  detriment  to  the  dog's  health  in  a  small 
city  yard.  The  same  applies  to  any  large  breed  of 
d(^^  It  will  be  no  pleasure  to  you  to  see  the  dog 
out  of  health,  for  in  that  case  he  must  soon  loose 
spirit,  and  in  fact  no  longer  be  the  noble  St.  Bernard. 
^What  sort  of  a  puppy  shall  I  get  ?  must  be  a  qnes- 
ion  well  considered.  Shall  I  have  a  pure-bred  dog 
or  a  mongrel  (cros8-br«d)  dog.  There  is  a  good  deal 
to  be  said  on  each  side  of  this  question.  With  ample 
room  and  favorable  conditions  we  woJild  not  hesitate 
to  advise  you  to  get  a  pure-bred  dog,  especially  if 
yon  know  a  little  about  a  dog's  management  How- 
ever, this  little  paper  is  written  for  those  who  are 
not  supposed  to  know  much  about  this  subjuct 


8 


»ow  «,  KKHP  ,  „oa  „  ^  ^ 


than  a  cross-bred  specimen  w\,^"'?^  "^""^i^ior. 
he  IS  a  far  more  Taluab  e  ^L  ,*7^««  ^«  "  matured 
^e'^.  Being  more  of  a  7entf  """^  "^'^J  Points  of 
«P«ak  he  is  more  cTeanlv  .    ""^^  ^aturalij«o  to 

«adiJytangHmoreobedtntldr°^^  "''«•  ">«'« 
2  more  prononnced ;  and  he  is  of  '  °^^'««t«"«tics 
^ore  beautiful.  However  to  L  °u''"' 6«''«'-*"y 
h'ought  up  a  doff  wo  dn  !'  *    t""^  ''^'^  have  never 

^•eddogo?ahigi::,tara£"  ?«"-^  »  P«- 
of  such  an  animal  from  dLer  IT  ^T'  *^  *^« '°« 
*he  beginner;  and  the  onlv       ?  *P'  to  discourage 
<^nbe  Iearn;d  ^  ^j^:^^^^^^ 
costty  specimen.    We  ho  d  thT  "^'"  '''»«•  «»  ^eS 
ever  so  wretched  a  monLre,  «h     m"?  P°PPJ^'  he  he 
hands  of  children  toHoun  J  S°"'^  ^  P°'  ''"to  the 
«jeature  is  capable  of  SL    ""^f  "tand  that  the 
^e  believe  that  contect  wth^^.^T  "^"  '^e«>«e  W 
«hle  way  to  develor^  '!.  ^    •!  ^""^  ^  *^«  hest  pos- 
should  be  cultivate^ralf  h'r'"'.«^'»'*<'ter  that 
abhorence  of  cruelty  SJ.     T*"  ^^^'  ««ch  as 
f  halpful  spirit  to^Vd^tt  .'  ^f"  *^^««  that  feet 
'^tellectual  point  of  vlw  tL  ^k^'"'  *°*^  ^^^  an 
«emtio„.    The  dog  Js  so  i  #    ?'*  °*  **'°"''»te  ob^ 

««lvesthatheisl4e;whawr    I  "1^"°' <>' our- 
Itistoberemember«H  ».  ""*^ehim. 

*hat  the  differe^brei  r''^,^''^^«^"«'^do« 
'Characteristics.  SomTof  thf'  '^^  "^^  «PeS2 
f°  •;«««»ey"  that  tre^may  Prfu^f^'J  '^-^^^a^ 
*«>«bleon  the  street  frorfi^tt^g*^^''  --asterBintc 


r  TBI  am. 

ielioate  and  difficult 
1  healthy  oonditior. 
;«^Iien  he  is  matured 
from  many  points  of 
Jasnaturalljso  to 
yoang  dog,  more 

I  pw  characteristics 
M  course,  generally 
«e  who  have  never 
«®  Retting  a  pare 

'Pnce.a8theIo88 
apt  to  discourage 
tie  dog  as  a  doi? 
well  from  a  h^ 
^J  P°PPJ,  be  he 
'  ^  pat  into  the 
erstand  that  the 
'»ke  themselves, 
f  w  the  best  pos- 
character  that 
'^vags,  such  a^ 
things  that  feej, 
'.  and  from  an 
>f  accurate  ob- 
mirror  of  our- 
e  him. 

'hoosingadog 

'  own  special 

>d  terriers  are 

Masters  intc 


HOW  TO   KEEP  A  DOS  IK  THE  OITT. 


9 


As  the  limits  of  this  paper  will  not  permit  of  a  fall 
discussion  of  the  characteristics  of  the  different, 
breeds  of  dogs,  the  best  advice  we  can  give  the 
reader  who  does  not  feel  like  relying  on  his  own 
judgment  is,  if  he  wishes  to  select  a  finely  bred 
puppy  of  any  kind,  to  read  up  the  subject  of  dogs  in 
some  work  devoted  to  it  or  consult  some  one  who  is 
an  expert;  but  in  the  latter  case,  if  he  is  a  devotee  of 
one  breed,  some  allowance  must  be  made  for  preju* 
dices.  But  above  all  do  not  get  a  dog  of  a  size 
or  characteristics  that  do  not  fit  him  to  the  surround- 
ings, for  with  every  care  you  will  in  the  end  be 
disgusted  and  finally  perhaps  have  to  get  rid  of  the 
animal. 

A  smallish  dog  will  on  the  whole  suit  most  people 
best  While  a  cross-bred  dog  will  be  best  suitable 
to  many ;  yet  he  should  not  be  a  mongrel  of  the 
mongrels  but  as  nice  a  specimen  as  can  be  obtained, 
and  not  only  handsome  but  from  parents  which 
showed  considerable  intelligence.  A  very  important 
matter  to  consider  also  is  the  home  from  which  the 
puppy  comes.  A  dog  that  has  once  acquired  dirty 
habits  or  other  bad  ways  h  very  hard  to  cure  of 
these  defects  In  general,  the  younger  the  puppy, 
provided  he  is  over  8  or  10  weeks  and  therefore 
thoroughly  weaned,  the  more  instructive  he  will 
prove  and  the  more  readily  he  can  be  moulded  to 
what  yon  would  have  him  become.    - 


'- 


10 


*■"  A  ooo  m  xHi  criT. 


OHAPTEB    n 

»»"   HANAOEMENT   OF  The  pm,».    ~ 

-nld  have  hd^" BuTT^^^^^^^^^  -^'^^  ^^ 
•«  opinion  to  which  a  lUe,^^  *?  emphasize cil^ 
«f .  v«^ :  that  he  is  ven^^iJe  /„°'  ,*^'  ***'«  ^"^  ^^^ 
J»w  physical  nature  but  in  iw    ^"welves,  not  only  in 

willnotbefaras^yLll^^^^  ^o« 

JO"  pnppy  verr  much  Z  yoTjT"*'^**"  *'«'»* 
No  ammal  at  aU  approaThe^K    "j'^  ^°"  °^«d- 
semblance  to  onrsel^tt. j^-M.^^  *°8  «  Ws  res- 
Jon  will  have  a^ure  iSf- ''  *^'!  *^  »>*>««  ^^  mind 
with  the  dog.  "  «"^8  P'iaciple  in  deali^ 

£b?tttr  t^Lrj-*^'  !^^  -in. 

iia  ««m>undiL'^tjT';i*^:?';J  *hat  he  adapts  to 
'^  "manage  JofU^^Sf^i'^*^  We  must  ^ 
natntal  instincts.  ^""^  *^  »»d  «>Mider  his 

fnse  and  these  should  be  clearir°^  ^"^"°°«  '^ 
?B  brought  to  his  new  hole  ii'^^'T'*  ^'o«  be 
important  are  perhaps  tS  font  •  "*  "**"  '^  ««»* 


Tfli  ant. 


MOW   TO  K0IP  A  DOO  tS   TBI  OITT. 


11 


a  pappj,  go  that 
Btual  development 
=>'achiJd.    Apart 
much  what  you 
emphasize  carlj 
the  dog  has  Jed 
>lves,  not  only  in 
^1  qualities.   Yon 

wpeots  you  treat 
•aid  your  child, 
aog  in  his  res- 
«  borne  in  mind 
'>ple  in  dealing 

^r  than  an  in- 
Bqnires  the  US© 
'^ay.    The  dog 

*  he  adapts  to 

•  We  must  in 
d  consider  his 

ttpon  and  the 
inestions  will 
>«d  before  he 
bem  the  most 
Where  shall 
a  shaU  he  be 


fed  ?  How  shall  he  be  taught  to  adapt  himself  to  his 
surroundings  so  as  not  to  become  a  nuisance  ?  How 
shall  his  intellect  and  moral  qualities  be  developed? 
How  shall  he  get  the  exercise  necessary  to  keep  him 
in  health?  All  these  mnst  be  considered  and 
acted  upon  daily,  for  whether  we  will  or  will  not, 
the  puppy  must  in  the  nature  of  the  case  form  habits, 
and  these  will  depend  on  the  sum  total  of  all  those 
conditions  that  make  up  the  surroundings  or  environ- 
ment of  the  animaL  Dogs  and  human  beings  are 
alike  in  this  that  they  are  moulded,  unconsciously 
mostly,  by  their  surroundings.  If  you  keep  a  puppy 
in  a  dirty  place  you  must  not  expect  him  to  be  an 
animal  of  very  fastidious  habits  in  the  matter  of 
cleanliness.  If  you  are  always  showing  him  the  whip 
doHK>t  expect  him  to  be  confiding,  high-spirited,  etc. 
Example  is  a  great  deal  better  than  precept  with 
both  dogs  and  children. 

As  it  will  in  general  be  mord  difficult,  though 
more  interesting  and  instructive  to  raise  a  puppy 
than  to  get  an  adult  dog,  we  shdl  treat  the  case  of  a 
puppy  chiefly,  for  one  who  can  manage  a  puppy  can 
easily  take  care  of  a  grown  dog. 


jP 


19 


«0W  to  KUP  A  Bftrt  t»  «— 

— '  A  Doo  nr  tHB  orrr. 


OHAPTEB    in. 

HOW  TO  HOUSE  THE  DOO. 

mtte  box  may  U  pS"'/'!"'""  """'P'PW. 

eP>«>7  or  .  diTstood.  Tw  '^J**""^  from  a 

•now  th.  dog  S^^Z  1^°\  "*•  *'"»W''  «o 
of  good  otZ  .te.w  i,  to  V  '?■'  'f  ^  P'"^ 
oold  night  th.  omJ^".    ^  P'*""*-    0»  •  tmt 

feel  tbe  application  ^f.,?.^ '"^  ""•«*»'»» 

name  may  bo.    Wa«,ii      "'*®'^'     ©'whatever  his 
switch.    ^  ^^"^  "°«'»  prefer  his  M  to  the 


■""  .'i*'!"Wfl'^(i!Swi— ■- 


"> 


SB  OIl'I. 


HOW  TO  KKTV  A  DOO  IK  THK  OTtT. 


18 


>oo. 

*o  arise  ig,  where 
The  writer  ig 
house-dog,  i.e. » 
i  his  time  in  the 
he  family,  ag  it 
remains  part  of 
8  of  the  family 

jard,  however 
»nthispuppy.g 

nd  comfortable 
>tained  from  a 
•  winter  there 
rge  enough  to 
'*o  thie  plenty 
'•    On  a  very 
lanketor  coat 
ta 

to  keep  to  hig 
ed,sooldhim, 
rat  him  back 

tease  let  him 

riringhimto 
t^hatever  hig 
» Ibed  to  the 


CHAPTER    IV. 


0LBANLIME88  IN  THE  FUFFT. 


DOGS  are  natarally  cleanly.  We  have  seen  pap- 
pies  long  before  they  were  weaned,  climb  ont 
of  their  nests  to  answer  nature's  call.  Only  very 
badly  reared  puppies  soil  their  own  beds  or  prefer 
to  leave  their  extrement  around  them  to  going  to 
some  place  of  retirement. 

However,  if  a  puppy  is  shut  up  all  night  he  must 
needg  goil  the  floor.  To  prevent  the  dog  from  be- 
coming a  nuisance,  a  little  study  of  his  natural 
tendencies  and  certain  provisions  to  meet  them  will 
be  required.  A  dog  inclines  to  establish  some  one 
spot  as  his  retiring  place,  and  this  is  to  be  en- 
couraged. A  large  and  strong  dust  pan,  a  three- 
cornered  scraper,  a  keg  of  sawdust,  ashes,  loam, 
roadust  or  some  equivalent  must  be  provided.  The 
ashes  are  usually  right  at  hand  and  sawdust  can  be 
easily  obtained. 

Before  introducing  the  puppy  to  his  new  abode  it 
is  well  to  sprinkle  on  one  corner  of  the  shed  a  layer 
of  sawdust  an  inch  thick.  The  puppy  is  very  likely 
to  visit  this  at  once  and  uge  it  Let  this  stand  to 
encourage  him  to  return.  Of  course  ashes  or  earth 
would  do  but  it  is  not  so  good.  In  the  morning  after 
sprinkling  over  all  the  soiled  spots  with  ashes,  loam, 
or  sawdust,  the  scraper  or  dustpan  may  be  brought 
into  requisition  and  the  gatherings  deposited  in  a 
receptacle  for  removable  by  the  scavengera  or  others. 


/ 


14 


"^'^  «>  ««P  A  DOO  hr  „,  ^, 


Tile  yard  mar  ha  lr««t    i 
"°>e  way.    An  ooc^ioS  tl^!^  P"°"*^^  **"« 
floor  in  Bnmmer.ifXjL   '  *  °' *''*  "^^^ 

'eqnired;buewiththe^^?/'^,P«  «»««'  will  be 
">d  a  coarse  broom  thel^^b,"'^^^^"''^**^'  «  "»««- 
jort  of  disinfectant  ^\*:7,'Jf"^^^^  Some 

It  18  true  that  both  ashes  anjT    1 1  "^^  "««»"*«'. 
fecUnts  in  themselver  For  ste«r^-  ^°""^  »'«  ^"«- 
y*"^.  etc.  one  of  the  cheaoir  IT*^*  "^^'J' «»«" 
»o«t  agreeable  disinteS  Ts    ]^'\'^-^«^  »ot 
After  distributing  itTa  Ih  !  r'^^°"°**«d  h„e. 
fs  vinegar  or  dilTted   ooL      •  ',*^*''  ^^^^  «°id 
mnriatio)  acid  may  b^  sorin^r^"''^    Mrochlorine 
J»g-^torby  ineans^f  aT"tr:  't'"''"'^-^'' 
dered  much  more  effectire     Afl  ^'^^  ^* '"  *^°«  «»- 
It  shonld  be  taken  np  and  ihJ  lu  '^"P'*  «'  ''onrs 
"-admitted  if  necessLr         "  '^'  P°PPJ»aybe 
^PPy  in  the  Hou8e.SA  ^«^ 

wrer  be  introdnced  uTZtZJ^"^^  PWJ  shonld 
»«chforpnppy„atnre%*^P«J«d 'ooms.    It  i,  too 

»V  not  at  first  realize  ;Ct'«!«~n«P««i°>en 

However,  a  wen  bred  andleM,lT"*'^  «'  '»»°»- 
shamed  i,,to  regret  for  MamlT^  ^^^P^  "'•y  »>« 
«everbep„^.^^^^^^  i»8  mstake.    He  should 

-ooldin^willsnffice.    0X6'*^^'°°^^°"^ 

fewmo^occ^^iotrra^thtt^r  '"^^ <>« a 
-«»^.ted;oomTttr;^^Sd 


'  w«  onr. 

W  ill  precisely  the 
"bbuig  of  the  ahed 
9«P8  there,  will  be 

Piy  of  water  in  cities 
8  not  great    Some 
Die  if  not  essential 
«8h  loam  are  disin- 

eninga  shed,  small 
1  best,  though  not 

chlorinated  lit,e. 
,  «yer,  weak  acid 
""  Mrochlorine 
^eritwithawater- 
8k.  It  is  thus  ren- 

a  couple  of  hours 
le  puppjmaybe 

»g  pappy  should 
^"»8.    It  ig  too 

^  grown  specimen 
cpected  of  him. 

d  pappy  may  be 
w-  He  should 
ther  occasion  if 

faction  to  the 
Jn  arms  or  al- 

fow  minutes  hi^ 


HOW  TO  ECUP  A  DOO  IN  TBI  OWX. 


U 


ro  liberty  on  a 
>wed  to  remain 
Should 


time. 


he  offend  against  good  manners  after  this  preliminary 
education  he  should  be  taken  to  the  spot,  scolded, 
giyen  two  or  three  sharp  blows  with  a  tmaU  rod  and 
at  once  taken  out  The  idea  is  to  establish  an 
unpleasant  connection  in  the  d(^'s  mind  between  his 
error  and  the  switch,  and  to  associate  the  offensive 
act  with  being  out  of  doors.  A  little  judicious  per- 
seTcrance  in  such  training  as  this,  will  soon  result 
favorably.  A  pnppy  when  very  young  should  not  be 
fed  in  the  house,  because  it  is  most  natural  that  he 
should  go  to  his  retiring  place  just  after.  Besides, 
if  a  dog  is  fed  in  the  house  he  is  almost  always  wait- 
ing to  get  in.  Better  by  far  to  always  give  the  animal 
his  meals  in  his  own  quarters.  It  renders  their  as- 
sociations more  pleasant  A  dog  should  always  feel 
that  it  is  a  favour  to  be  allowed  in  the  house,  and 
not  that  he  has  a  perfect  right  to  be  there. 

To  return  to  disinfectants  a  moment  As  manv 
persons  strongly  object  to  chlorinated  lime,  it  may  be 
well  to  mention  that  there  is  a  lai^e  choice  in  the 
matter,  some  being  specially  made  for  just  such  pur- 
poses as  those  we  are  indicating.  Among  these  are 
both  liquids  and  solids.  On  the  whole  and  for  most 
oases  with  the  dog  solids  are  preferable,  except  when 
a  scrubbing  process  is  necessary.  Such  &:ms  as 
Spratts*  Patent,  the  Sanitas  Company  and  others 
furnish  what  is  required  in  various  forms,  but  if 
these  preparations  cannot  be  readily  obtained  the 
chemists  in  every  town  supply  disinfecting  pow- 
ders of  various  kinds. 

We  have  dwelt  on  this  subject  at  length  because. 


;:i 


i 


i« 


•""•«"■»<■..«.<„. 


-  -  -w«  iw  ruK  OUT 
««  dilBoultieg  deter  «« 
otl'er  cause  fromTeeS  '^.°»'^*  P~»>*Wj  than  aav 

Proportion  of  cai^,™'  wf?  "  *'^'  ^  *he  We 
but  has  owner ;  and  if  tJe  2 W  '  "^' '''«»  '^-  ^ 

tl»at  common  sense  wiH.nl"?'*'^^-"^  other! 

^-y  be  kept  witho^tlc^;!?!?'  ^  '^""'^^d.  «  do'' 

r«n  the  smallest  yard  0^12?°"  ^'  »«'We  if 
««B.  especially  i,iX5aSr^*'°P«"d  snrronnd! 
«oon  explain.  *'*"^  *^en  ont  as  we  shall 


TH«  cm. 

probabJj  than  any 

Wewiah  to  assert 
««'1y,inthelatoe 
•  not  with  the  doa 

J»givenandotheri 
Ix*  followed,  a  doa 
■»  or  nuisance  in 
•npewdsnrronnd- 
n  «">t  as  we  shall 


BOW  TO  KUP  A  DOO  IH  TBI  OITT.  17 

CHAPTER    V. 

VEBDINO. 

INJUDICIOUS  feeding  is  responsible  for  a  large 
proportion  of  the  taisfortnnes  of  dogs,  and  this 
as  mistaken  kindness,  %.e.,  the  animals  are  fed  too 
mnoh. 

No  dog  of  any  age  should  ever  be  allowed  in  the 
dining-room  or  kitchen  when  food  is  about ;  for  with 
one  person  and  another  giving  him  a  morsel  he  is 
sure  to  get  overfed.  After  a  puppy  is  weaned  and 
till  he  is  three  months  old  he  should  be  fed  five 
times  a  day  and  from  five  to  eight  months  three 
times ;  after  that  twice  is  enough  for  any  healthy  dog 
and  once  will  be  better  for  some.  With  what  shall  I 
feed  my  d(^?  is  a  common  and  important  question, 
but  with  those  that  keep  but  one  mistakes  are  not  so 
often  made  about  the  quality  as  the  quantity  of  food. 

A  puppy  must  be  weaned  by  feeding  first  on  cow's 
milk  boiled  and  diluted  one-third  with  water  for  a 
few  days;  after  a  week  or  so  and  in  many  cases 
before  it  may  be  given  pure,  then  a  little  oatmeal 
porridge,  wheat  porridge  or  a  little  biscuit  or  stale 
bread  may  be  added.  Very  soon  broth  may  replace 
part  of  the  milk. 

When  the  puppy  is  eight  weeks  old  he  will  thrive 
better  if  given  a  little  cooked  meat,  minced  very  fine, 
say  half  an.  ounce  daily  to  be  gradually  increased. 
The  idea  that  meat  is  bad  for  puppies  is  nonsense, 
for  the  dog  is  related  to  the  wild  camivora  or  flesh- 


i 


18 


■OW  TO  Ktt, 


—    VMTJ, 

innch  vegetable  food  twoH?:  ^'^  °o°"e.  X 
^  P«ppiea.    Bat  brl^l  lit*  ^  "*°»«  '^^^^'W 
je-J^BSofcertabkirdTor"^^^^  ""'"P-  o'  »e^ 
'^^W  aiuiwer  adoirablv  A  L  "  ?°*^'  ^^^ffe,  etc. 
o^d  enough  to  do  well  on  It?  "  ^"'"^'^^  ^^^'^^^b 
be  I>kH  and  porridge  anS^,X°^ 
*»kef  suits  exitljasthTi  ?°^  **  *h«fon.% 
'egnlated.    The  meal  ot  H   ^^  ^'''^'^  are  tluj 
dogahould  be  giCitl^t  a^d  f?  '^^'^  «-^"  ' 

Jsh  in  some  convenient  nio^       ,®  *°  ^«ep  domrv'. 
*W  turn  up  a  nij^^^^^.^^i^^^^^^^^ 
Bui  many  an  inexrw,«-^       f  ^  ****^e  sorapa 

•Aa"  I  know  when  n»T  doH^  P'"°"  ^'  -^^  How 
P"PPJ.  remove  the  J,f?^''  «**««  enough  ?ifT 

ttf  dog  «,d  a..  «,oMM  ^  "P'^y  tu.  d»  ', 
ooMihon  u  some  »,,  ,  .  m     i-  °'  "^  ««»"  out  of 


■''•Writ--': 


ran  cnr. 

«noreluaanoestrr 
V  there  are  wild 
ne  thej  catch  Md 

'"Bthg  old  he  mar 
>^ell  with  all  adult 
o'  course,  veiy 
«  oanse  diarrhoea 
"waps  0/  meat, 
?f.  porridge,  eta, 
»iiastwheiiheig 

'aisadajshould 
h  as  the  family 
^^elB  are  thus 
?'.  ^^'y  grown  . 
QW  should  be  a 
°  keep  doggy'g 

"pot  into  it  as 
le  scrapa 

^1  ask,  How 
enough?    If  a 
he  begins  to 
*  after  taking 
S*"  sides  stick 

'*»'ty  must  de- 
^7  tue  size  of 
«ets.  When 
»?  gets  out  of 
*P*  to  break 
*»  or  he  may 


low  TO 


A  DOO  m  TBI  OITT. 


19 


•niffer  from  diarrhoea,  nature's  method  of  getting  rid 
of  the  excess  of  food.  In  many  cases  a  dog's  food 
should  be  removed  as  soon  as  he  ceases  to  eat 
eagerly. 

dog  will  not  tako  porridge  and  milk  in  the 
morning  let  him  have  nothing  at  all,  and  he  will 
either  give  in  or  he  will  get  along  very  well  with  his 
solitary  meal.  Of  course  in  the  case  of  puppies  they 
must  be  fed  often,  but  they  rarely  reiuse  any  sort  of 
food  if  suited  to  them. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  all  sorts  of  confec- 
tionery should  be  rigidly  withheld  from  dogs  of  every 
age.  They  can  have  but  one  e£fect  if  given  frequently 
(.e.,  to  cause  indigestion,  for  the  dog  in  reality  has  a 
rather  weak  stomach ;  at  all  events  this  remark  ap- 
plies to  well-bred  specimens. 

Puppies  under  eight  months  are  generally  better 
without  any  sort  of  vegetable,  and  older  dogs  require 
but  very  little,  though  when  an  animal  is  much 
confined,  and  therefore  inclined  to  get  constipated, 
some  boiled  cabbage,  turnips,  etc.,  or  even  a  little 
raw  cabbage  or  lettuce  cut  up  fine  and  mixed  with 
the  food  is  useful.  But  as  a  rule  vegetables  are  not 
for  dogs.  A  little  potato  mixed  well  with  other 
scraps  is  of  coarse  not  injurious  but  do  not  force 
even  potatoes  on  dogs  that  decline  to  be  dictated  to 
contrary  to  their  instincts.  But,  on  the  other  hand, 
do  not  let  your  dog  get  into  the  habit  of  eating  only 
meat  No  dog  can  do  as  well  on  meat  alone  except 
he  be  running  hard  from  morning  to  night,  as  a 
hunting  dog  on  a  trip.    A  diet  wholly  of  meat  is  too 


'or  thoae  keeping  keinet  we  wo'nS^^  '''''  '^"»*«» 
heads,  ox's  head.,  or  otheTh!?  k  ■•^«**  •^••P'« 
themdowntoajelyortm  u  !?"'  **''^  •»<!  boil 
'•1  off  the  boni     The  L     ^'  "*'*  "  "•'^J'  ^ 

qawed,porridire  BtAlIk     ?    ^®  *"°*h'  *ben  as  re- 

-h-t  -eal  (Si^tl^ldr;^ "  -k«««deof  ground 

food  for  dogsVe.   h'eo^;-  l^^'y  -»d  excelled? 
cannot  secure  that  TarietvwhlT!  !?  "*'*'*°''We  and 
About  the  only  ol^eotron  to  tt»^  i'  "'"""P*  '^^'^' 
"•J  fingle  diet  hoievergoodt^t^*''*  «onoto»jof 
or  biaouita  consist  of  Ylhn    •      '*^"-    ^^^^  oakea 
constituent.  oou^t^V  ^ X^^^^^^^^^^        "^  ^^^7 
*bej  meet  the  condition- reou^L  J  T   "  **  '^"7^ 
«  a  cooked  and  palatTbir/o m   %l  """"P^***  '°H 
broken  up  dr^  oV  moistened  J^.J^7  ""^^  ^  '«d 
»Jkor  broth.    As  a  Ale  thJl      '';*"°'  *  ""'« 
"aoistened  biscuits  hel^g^ZZ  ^**'^^'^'  *^' 
change.    When  dry  and  «n»  \    °*''°"*"^  'or  a 

^ean  the  dog's  t^Tth  1,^1  tJ"2  *'^^  ^«^P 
festive  juioea  "***  *he  flow  of  the 

What  of  bones  for  doa  ?    A  ^^^  • 
For  a  puppy  a  biff  bon-i.        ^^'y'^Portant  matter 
which  he  Z  gnaw  for.    r^^*  ^'^^  "^  but  on 
exceUent  for  llZtj^^'J^^,^.  4^^  C 

wiii  afford  him  healthful 


■  CTTT. 

b'  in  most  oaaes 
ogefc  gorapg,  etc., 
.  and  then  there 
per  were  written 

■V  get  sheep's 
f  offal  and  boil 
"neat  is  ready  to 

*>e  separated, 
th,  then  as  re- 
made of  ground 

▼egetable    dog 
f  and  excellent 
no  trouble  and 
'  scraps  afford, 
e  monotoiij  of 
These  cakes 
rohj  and  fattj 
ar  as  may  be 

ompletefood, 
y  niaj  be  fed 
»'  or  a  h'ttle 
itter  diy,  the 
onally  for  a 
'd  thej  help 
flow  of  the 

•tant  matter. 

"P..  but  on 

Jay  will  be 

a  liealthfnl 


Mow  to  M0  A  fiOO  IM  THI  OTTt. 


tl 


amnsemout ,  but  such  bones  must  not  be  very  hard 
or  the  J  will  break  the  teeth.  In  fact  this  must  be 
guarded  against  in  the  case  of  all  dogs  young  or 
mature.  Very  old  dogs  should  not  hare  bones  at  all 
as  they  only  hasten  the  loss  of  their  f«fflaining  teeth. 
If  »  dog  be  given  very  many  such  bones  as  he  can 
break  up  they  will  cause  constipation.  Bones  from 
fowls,  game,  eta,  are  dangerous  to  all  dogs,  being 
too  hard  and  sharp. 

To  summarize  the  feeding  qnestion :  Dogs  of  all 
ages  require  a  mixed  diei  Puppies  must  be  fed 
oftener  than  mature  dogs  as  their  demands  are  more 
urgent  to  meet  the  needs  of  growth,  and  their  diges- 
tion less  vigorous.  Toung  puppies  should  be  fed 
what  they  wUl  eat  with  eagerness  and  older  dogs 
what  is  required  to  keep  them  in  vigorous  health 
and  good  condition,  but  never  oftener  than  twice  a 
day.  the  first  meal  being  a  light  one.  Vegetables 
should  not  enter  krgely  into  the  foo4  of  doga  They 
serve  a  purpose  now  and  then  as  a  sort  of  medicine. 
Milk  is  a  perfect  food  in  itself  but  should  never  be 
used  solely  except  for  the  puppy  when  being  weaned. 
Butter-milk  is  useful  for  dogs  and  especially  puppies 
occasionally.  Suitable  bones  are  invaluable  for  both 
young  and  mature  dogs. 


ii^ 


2S 


"^'"^  ^  ^  «>o«  w  OHE  otrr. 


CHAPTEB    Tl 

Bome  exercise,    uj  thretl  f      ^**'*^  '^^*t°°t 
Pnppj  can  find  enough  to  amoL  v'  "'^''^^^  ^^  the 
to  exercise  his  body  in  f.^^-  ^T  *"^  ^«»d  Wm 
that  he  had  better  be  Jef^„tT  ^"'•''  »»«*  '^^r 
daj  for  a  run.  and  the  ao"  Zl      P^'^^'  *^i<«  • 
"ftnrallj  the  better.    ^7,*     """v^"  ^«  *<>  frisk 
8»ve  him  aU  his  exej^e  in  1T  '^  »«*«««7  to 
ie  must  be  taken  onX,  ,f fi'f  !^;^^^'«^e 
customed  to  the  sighr^J  «^"*7*'"  ^«  ««te  ac 
^tor he  has  been  T^^Tt Set  *v  *^^  ''*^«^- 
«>wg8  (see  page  29).  he  m^l  ii   ,,  **"  "*"*  «»d  other 
but  should  Swayrie«n  ?!^  '^  *"°^ed  to  run  free 

obey  his  comS'^^rafw  "'^'^  «'~*«'^d 
pressing  now  is  that  the  non^  "1  ^^"^°»«  of  im- 
age must  have  exercise  ?!«  ?  *^'  '^^^  «'  *°7 
be  should  never  Ctuowed  ^  "*  ^  ^^^'^  B«t 
alone,  for  if  so.  he  will  1^!  .i^  T"  *^«  **^ts 

street  is  the  onlv  exer«,«\r^      ^f  course  if  the 


2b  otn. 


HOW  TO  K'Mt*  A  DOO  IK  THE  CITY. 


IS. 

jeofail  animals, 
health  without 
■  months  old  the 
a  and  lead  him 
yard,  but  after 
ow'We,  twice  a 
•»«  has  to  frisk 
B  necessary  to 
>  in  which  case 
n  he  gets  ac- 
of  the  street, 
^his  and  other 
d  to  run  free, 
»  master  and 
sirous  of  im- 
9  dog  of  any 
health.   But 
^he  streets 
'  bad  habits 
oonweifthe 
vaiUble  the 
^  which  the 

'  ^en  out 


CHAPTER  Vn. 

THE  OABE  OF  THE  DOO'S  8KIK. 

IF  we  imitate  Nature's  reliance  must  be  placed  on 
I  cleanly  surroundings  and  grooming  rather  than 
washing  to  keep  the  dog's  skin  in  proper  condition. 
A  dog  with  the  opportunity  to  roU  on  the  gr«s,  or 
who  roams  through  the  forest  is  rarely  duty.  Plenty 
of  garden  loam  or  the  chance  to  burrow  in  the  earth 
is  exoeUent  for  dogs,  especially  pnppies. 

The  care  the  dam  takes  to  lick  her  puppies  clean 
is  suggestive  of  the  methods  we  should  P«"«e  ™ 
the  WPy  which  we  undertake  to  rear.    After  feed- 
ing, it  is  well,  especially  if  the  dog  has  long  ears  to 
stSnge  over  the  face  and  tips  of  the  ears  to  prevent 
a^^ulation  of  that  sort  of  "  dirt  "that  favours  the 
breeding  of  lice,  skin  disease,  eta    Witii  long-eared 
dogs  a  spring  clothes-pin  serves  a  good  purpose  in 
in  keeping  the  ears  out  of  the  food.    Washing  is  not 
the  bit  way  to  keep  a  dog's  skinm  order,  but  when 
it  is  t)ositively  dirty  this  must  be  done. 
H^to  fFiMAadog-Washingwillrarelybeneces. 

sary  in  cold  weather  and  if  it  is  must  always  be 
carried  out  in  a  warm  place.  The  dangers  m  wash- 
ing are  shock  to  the  nervous  system,  ana  taking  «>ld 
with  its  many  possibilities  for  evil.  The  shock  to  a 
doff  not  yet  matured  of  plunging  it  into  cold  water  is 
«eat.  and  it  is  generaUy  conceded  that  washing  pnj^ 
^si  undesirable.    Very  often  dirtcan  be  removed 


u 


'^^'^^toat^tBMcm. 


from  the  hair  by  a  nir  a 

•  complete  bath  ■'^**®  *°^  ^•tw  without 

•oap.  dean  ^^^ierTZd^J'^^'''^'^  '^^ 0«tiie 
•o»e  ooarae  ioweU^A^  ~^*'*'  forrimibg,  and 

<»wied  to  the  tnb  when  *ll  ^  ^"^^^^  led  or 

•»d  hie  head  fi,«t  weS  tL'^^.?r*^°"*  "^  »«»«! 
•hoald  then  beXd!n  t^!  T***  ^^^  ^•*«'-    He 
well  lathered  withwap  *???"*»'  ^*'  ^*^  '^'^^r  and 
tieBkin.    ThewhoT^^^tw 
ao  that  it  ehaU  dietnlb  T£lt  *t"*  '^*^°"'  fo« 
-'Poseible.    Before  tt^dt^^^^t^  5^^^^^^ 
We  hie  hair  combed  o^K?  ^  ?^^  ^"^  '^^  "^onJd 
'-bbed,  and  if  th"  wL^L  r***?  .°«^  »>«  '^eU  Wd 

qnwtew  for  good,  ^a  .  °?.  ^"^^  P"*  in*o  hig 
J-Bt  after  a  '^^d^.T^^'^?-^^  -ever  be 
P-^  -oaped  to  avoSl.^tat.^'S^"'^  ^  «»«  1«» 
A  waeh  now  «id  then  k  w    ^-^^  ^^""^ 

^^  for  all  dogs,  bnrCnt^f"«-f^««odother. 

«^d  «  be  Jirift  d3r*  ^"^^  'P^^  the 

goS"ordtrbC>min:f  w'7^  *  ^^'-  -^  i« 
?«»d  gWe  ^/C^'^fJ^^  f '-jtable  brnah  o^ 

"naefulforadogwkh  wV'^^^    ^«>«»b 
1^  and  tail    F^rlol^f^  "«* -A^atbered- 
^q-^  for  a  part  ofttT^o^^^^J?  ^^  brneh  is 
r^f^foP-tonapol^ ''t^,  Some  like  .soft 


■  att. 

nd  water  without 

(ledded  npon,  a 
wmandOastille 
•for rinsing,  and 
pletea  the  outfit 

eqoietlyled  or 
kiona  are  made, 
t>Id  water.  He 
^th  water  and 

be  rubbed  into 
le  without  fusa 
animal  as  little 
dry  he  should 
k.  be  well  hand 
had  better  be 

Pnt  into  his 

»ald  never  be 

d  be  the  last 
yea. 

d  good  other- 
's spoils  the 

^og'B  skin  in 
ble  brush  or 
id.    Aoomb 
'<9atheied 
•fd  brush  is 
*  ^easoft 
Mwers  well 

^better, 


llOWTO  KKrf  A  tOdW  ««  <^' 


as 


rnsnlts  but  it  need  not  take  long. 

the  head,  lice  may  appear.  Jff «yjjf ^.^  plan  is  to 

hour  later.    x"«  ^,  Feedinc."    Fleas  when 

•^rJ;butfowfle...in«c»p.-a.rwdja«,tsd 


HOW  TO   MKP  A  DOO  IN  TBI  OITT. 

fleas  Which  should  be  quickly  rubbed  off  into  theoH 
in  the  saucer.  In  a  few  minutes  scores  ofZI  ™!^ 
be  removed  in  this  way.  Washin^rjoiSr  Jter 
rT^^;?  °"  ^"^  ^^  fleas;b^to TaST^J^i^: 
dog  should  be  combed  before  he  is  diy. 


oirr. 


flow  TO  mt  A  DOO  W  tHE  CIXX. 


27 


1  off  into  the  oil 
es  of  fleas  may 
aspedallj  after 
» make  sore  the 
7- 


CHAPTER  Vni. 

KTOIOIPAL  EEOUIATI0518  OOSCEBSING  DOGS. 

^HE  public  ^ritTailX'T^^^ 

thepublic    Adogsbitecajionlycausehydrop^^^ 

(,af  a)  when  ^^  ^^^^^^^tl^^atl  w^^^^  of  a 
healthy  dog  is  "» *"°"Jf  ^^^'^ja  not  be  allowed  to 
Bimilar  nature.  But  doj^  r° ,  ^.\«  seasons  of  the 
^„  the  streets  day  ^»J -^^f^^^^rit  would 
year,  unless  accompanied  »y  **^®"  ""r,,  ..  -jedistreed 

at  large  as  other  dogs.  .,         ^  ^^d  those  not 

cruelties  that  disgrace  w«  "^  «j^   ^    .g  owner 

Bhould  certainly  not  be  **>lf f^^-^^^,  ^,7^^^^  to 
not  himself,  should  be  "^J^^^^^tUr  possible, 
observe   municipal  regulations  J^^^^'^^      ^ee 

The  shooting  and  P««°f^J*  ^^f^Wned^om- 
should  never  be  tolerated  by  «iy^e^^te      J  ^^^j 

:S:StJX=a^^--^^^a  altera 


»6w  to  «jtt»  A  Mo  iirntai  om. 

certain  time  within  which  their  owners  mar  claim 
them  on  payment  of  a  certain  sum,  destroved  by  ex- 
posnre  in  a  lethal  chamber,  U,  anffocated  by  car- 
bonic  acid  gaa.  Indiflference  on  the  part  of  the 
public  to  the  canse  of  the  dog  must  lead  to  jastsnoh 
abnses  as  we  witness  and  which  are  a  disgrace  to 
humanity. 


Fir. 

ra  maj  claim 
Iroyed  by  ex- 
lated  by  oar- 
part  of  the 
1  tojastsnch 
k  diagraoe  to 


«0W  TO  m  A  OOO  n.  TH.  0«t. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

TOAWINO  THE  WVPl. 

him,  .bo«ia  be  tonght  oen"        ^„^,h,o  told. 

jOTBg  chlR  M*  ""„"  t  be  diort  and  repeated  bU 

In  teaching  a  «<«  J?  ""^ij  „,  „„t.  biwnit.  o, 
„w«a  hi»  oo""*  !"**,  to  come  to  a  odl  «» 
*"-»•    ".  5'  ifot  Tte  hto  qnietty.  «»>»  «  *»" 

7r«r".J«^r»r.dra."rLS 


HOW  TO  KEEP  A  DOO  IK  THl  OITT, 

forced  by  taking  him  bodily  or  in  some  way  aooom- 
pHshing  the  thing  for  him. 

Do  not  allow  yonr  dog  to  run  from  you  in  the 
street,  except  by  permission.  Teach  him  to  walk 
by  your  side,  or  just  behind  you.  This  is  best 
done  after  he  has  learned  to  lead  on  chain  (as 
all  dogs  should,  without  tugging,  and  to  bear  a 
certain  amount  of  confinement  on  chain  also),  by 
leading  him  out  with  a  stick  to  which  a  snap  has 
been  fastened  that  can  be  put  through  the  ring  in  his 
collar.  By  this  means,  the  dog  can  be  forced  to 
keep  just  where  you  want  him,  using  the  words 
•Heel,'  Back,'  eta,  but  always  the  same  term.  Give 
all  lessons  in  the  same  way ;  when  you  want  your 
dog  to  run  ahead,  you  may  use  such  a  word  as  '  Hie 
on,'  or  simply  *  On.' 

Never  allow  your  dog  to  place  his  feet  upon  you, 
however  glad  he  may  be  to  see  you,  otherwise  your 
clothing  will  bear  unpleasant  witness.  K  ^e  persists 
in  this  after  scolding  and  pointing  to  the  marks  of 
his  feet,  take  hold  of  him,  and  saying  'Down' 
squeeze  or  tread  gently  on  his  feet  and  he  will  soon  un- 
derstand what  is  meant  If  you  wish  to  teach  your  d(^ 
any  "tricks"  begin  early  when  he  is,  say  six  months 
old,  and  after  letting  him  understand  as  far  as  you 
can  what  is  wanted,  encourage  him  to  do  it  by  re- 
ward and  approbation  as  soon  as  he  makes  an 
attempt  If  he  does  not  act,  put  him  through  the 
thing  in  a  mechanical  way  and  encourage  voluntary 
actions.  Do  not  expect  much  from  a  puppy  at  one 
lesson,  and  never  allow  his  attention  to  be  diverted 


r. 

I  way  aooom- 

jon  in  the 
bim  to  walk 
rhia  is  best 
•n  chain  (as 
i  to  bear  a 
in  ako),  by 

a  snap  has 
te  ring  in  his 
e  forced  to 

the  words 

term.  Give 
1  want  yonr 
ord  as '  Hie 

i  nponyon, 
arwise  yonr 
!  ^e  persists 

8  marks  of 
ag  'Down' 
rill  soon  nn- 
chyonrd(^ 
six  months 
far  as  yon 
lo  it  by  re- 
makes an 

trough  the 

9  volnntary 
ppyat  one 
i)e  diverted 


^  w  KW  A  noa  «  «.  om. 


81 


y^  ^  presence  ol  another  dog  -  Per^^^  J^, 
^  assisUni  Dog.  »»•  J^j  according  to  the 
^"^"^1::^  TwtllS^adogieinvalnable 
company  they  keep.   ^  ^ 

in  teaching  another.  « tncke 

We  do  not  lay  »«»*»  •^'^JX  dog's  intelligence  by 
but  think  t^«  d«^«^%tlrX1anbeing  a  matter 

.^..^ociationwith  '^^^^^'^'ZAT^r^vi^^^^^ 
ofimportancetothedogandol^^^^  ^^^^  ^ 

to  the  owner.    The  dog »  way.         .^^^^^.^^  ,„d 


^^^^j^^-^ 


4ift^m 


rwiftjiiriHiiTT 


n 


MOW  TO  KBP  A  DOO  IK   TBI  CITT. 


CHAPTEB  X 

THE  DOO'S  AILMENTS. 

THE  nearer  a  puppy  to  being  ptare-bred  the 
more  difficult  he  is  to  rear,  though  it  is  always 
easier  to  raise  a  single  dog  than  the  inmate  of  a 
large  kennel.  Nearly  all  puppies,  and  especially  all 
Highly  bred  ones,  have  worma.  How  shall  one  know 
when  a  dog  is  troubled  with  these  pests?  If  he  is 
not  thriving,  bloats  very  much  after  moderate  feed- 
ing has  frequent  diarrhoea,  has  a  diy,  harsh  coat, 
twitching  of  the  muscles  when  aaleep,  a  foul  breath 
etc,  worms  may  be  suspected.  ' 

How  to  treat  him :  Before  givinar  any  worm  remedy, 
let  the  puppy  fast  for  a  longev  o.'  shorter  period  ao- 
cording  to  age,  so  that  the  intestines  may  be  nearly 
empty  and  thus  any  remedy  given  can  have  the 
better  chance  to  attack  the  worms.  It  is  better  to 
give  only  milk  the  last  meal.  For  a  puppy  under 
eight  weeks,  a  six  hours  fast  will  suffice ;  for  one 
wider  three  n  on^he,  but  over  nine  weeks,  ten  to 
twelve  hours,  and  ior  older  dogs  from  twelve  to 
eighteen  hours. 

How  to  give  Medicine  to  a  JOogr.-Dogs  do  not  like  to 
take  medicine  any  better  than  children ;  therefore,  to 
avoid  trouble,  medicine  should  be  made  as  pleasant 
for  them  as  possible.  A  small  puppy  may  be 
wrapped  in  a  towel  and  held  by  one  person  while 
•nother  opens  the  mouth  by  pressing  his  lips  against 


ITT. 


»\ire-bred  the 
ih  it  is  always 
)  inmate  of  a 
especially  all 
hall  one  know 
Its?  If  he  is 
oderate  feed- 
r,  harsh  coat, 
I  foul  breath, 

vorm  remedy, 
Br  period  ao- 
ay  be  nearly 
ui  have  the 
is  better  to 
pappy  nnder 
ice;  for  one 
eeks,  ten  to 
n  twelve  to 


lo  not  like  to 
therefore,  to 
as  pleasant 
py  may  be 
>erson  while 
lips  against 


■OWTO  «»»  A  OOO  W  TBS  OITT.  W 

bis  teeth ;  the  liquid  must  then  be  poured  from  J 
bis  »«^' ;"  /*.  to  the  throat  and  the  month 
:S::;iW  c^L^d  «  ^^  h«.d  over  the  no^ai. 
The  will  iot  .;allow.    PilU  "JJ^  ^  ^t^^ow^  wuS 

rlet^^r  t^m^^^eV  Jin  which  the  pill.  are. 
He  must  not  see  them  put  in,  of  course. 

Wving  medicine  to  a  larger  dog  he  may  be 
baSed  ntS  a  comer  to  advantage.    Do^  when  «al 

STngry  will  usually  take  ""^^^^^^T^rf^ 
.ul^r.  ood  Uver  oil,  charcoal,  etc.  in  their  food. 

WarmBemedks:    For  a  puppy  over  four  week. 

;  I  •  v*  ♦•«  m-ftina  of  santonine  followed  in 
and  under  eight,  two  grains  ox «»»»"  ..     ... 

Tfew  hours  by  a  dessert-spoonf ul  of  castor  ori  will 
^fter^r^e  the  worms.  Another  exce  lent  «medy 
•  tormost  puppies  when  very  young  »  tUe  fluid  ex- 
teLTTp^k  and  senna.    For  a  puppy  of  from  four 

to^isbt  weeks,  give  ten  drops  threejimes^  dayfor 
two  davs.  then  follow  by  castor  oil  as  before.  About 

*^:2:Jt%e;edy  for  worms,  and  -pef  ^'^  tap^ 
-nrm  is  freshly  grated  areca  nut  given  after  a  fast 
irniUoW^toroil  as  with  the  oth^medi- 
^es  buTc^rtain  precautions  mustbe  observed  as  the 
rmedyh«^dLgers  unless  these  be  anticipated. 
^  dJi"  ,  for  a  puppy  under  three  moniI»  but 
ovOT  two.  one  grain  for  each  pound  weight  of  the 
di;'^r«ad<?weighseightpoundB  hemusthave 


"  iin)S;^l*ft.^ti.^ 


Wf  I J  II  miipppi^iy 


N  HOW  TO  Knp  A  DOO  W  THK  OITf, 

only  eight  gniu  of  the  nedioine.  After  •  pvppj  it 
four  months  old,  he  may  have  1}  graina  to  each  pound 
of  his  weight  The  castor  oil  should  be  given  not 
later  than  one  hour  after  the  areoa  nut,  and  if  the 
puppy  be  younger  than  three  months  three  quarters 
of  an  hour  is  long  enough.  The  dose  of  oil  should 
be  large  to  ensure  a  speedy  action  of  the  bowels,  say 
a  dessert-spoonful  for  all  dogs  over  two  months,  and  a 
tablespoonful  for  all  over  ftv©  montha  After  half  an 
hour  the  dog  may  be  fed  on  well  cooked  porridge 
and  milk  which  facilitates  the  action  of  the  castor 
oil,  eta 

After  all  worm  remedies  it  is  well  to  gather  up  the 
stools  as  soon  as  possible  even  when  no  worms  are 
seen,  and  put  them  where  they  cannot  infect  afresh 
the  same  or  any  other  dog.  Deep  burial  or  better, 
burning  in  the  safest  plan. 

As  a  preventative  of  worms,  apart  from  cleanliness, 
etc.,  a  teaspoonful  of  powdered  charcoal  may  be 
given  in  the  food  twice  a  week. 

Puppies  never  have  trouble  with  their  first  teeth 
but  they  often  do  with  the  second.  Fits,  indigestion, 
etc.,  are  not  very  uncommon  in  well-bred  dogs.  If 
the  old  teeth  remain  while  new  are  coming,  they  may 
give  rise  to  trouble,  and  if  the  old  ones  are  not 
loose  enough  to  be  readily  pulled,  the  puppy  should 
be  taken  to  an  expert  By  an  expert  we  mean  one  who 
hos  had  special  experience  and  suitable  instruments, 
i.e.,  either  a  dentist,  a  surgeon,  or  a  Teterinaiy 
surgeon. 
.Ftts  in  the  dog  arise  from  some  sort  of  irritation, 


titli  'lUj.Bjill»lHn[»l«l 


irnr. 

ler  •  pnppjM 

I  to  eaoh  pound 
1  be  given  not 
ant,  and  if  the 
three  qnarten 
» of  oil  ehould 
he  bowels,  eey 
months,  end  a 
After  half  an 
[>ked  porridge 
of  the  castor 

gather  np  the 

no  worms  are 

infect  afresh 

ial  or  better, 

m  cleanliness, 
rooal  may  be 

sir  first  teeth 
B,  indigestion, 
red  dogs.  If 
ing^  the  J  may 
ones  are  not 
pnppj  should 
neanonewho 
I  instmments, 
a  veterinary 

of  irritation, 


«ow  TO  WW  A  wKi  w  ws  cm. 


86 


him  on  mild  dwt  Moli "  °",^ji,,  bowel*  Im«- 
,.!« to  hi.  h..d  IreqoeBlly  "'"!?^„  "  ^  do  ta 
'  WkU.  a»  dog  i.  i»  th,  «t«rf  «  J^-  "     ,t., 

to  pr.T.«t  l>i.  M^P*  »"* .•'  '^'.f  KTobiet.  about 
h.  doe.  not  ini«.  "'--"  •^:^'„t™  ^  Tt.  ^nd 
hio.  men  .  dog  h«  .  ""^"^  j„a  „..  iu 
rt  onoe  lot  «  yetenn»n.li.it  T»"  ^  _iU  require 
,hom  yon  Un.  ~»«/l~' '"^^.o,:!.!  .die' 
nedidne  which  we  do  "o'.**""^™  „  ,„  int"" 

in  hot  weather.  TU.  «««*»«"?'*  ,JS  n J, 
gnarded.  -id  perfectly  «  ."  "^^".^a  o«  •  "»* 
STtood  gi«n  in  '»^'  5^'J^"  otc    II  the 

80  drope  of  paregono  may  be  gi  en 

lime  water.  .    __„-.ieB  \>nt  is  the 


J 


86 


HOW  TO  KEEP  A  DOO  W  THB  OITT. 


fed  and  get  but  little  exercise.    Dieting  and  exercise 
are  the  remediea         ' 

Shin  Disease  is  apt  to  occur  in  well-bred  dogs, 
when  their  digestion  gets  disordered.    It  is  best  to 
alter  the  diet  entirely.    Often  feeding  on  meat  alone 
m  small  quantity,  or,  if  the  dog  has  had  much  meat 
on  bread  and  milk.    In  fat,  overfed  dogs,  a  fast  of 
twenty-four  hoars  has  an  excellent  eflfect.    Sulphur 
may  be  given  in  the  food  to  the  extent  of  half  a  tea- 
spoonful  to  a  whole  one  once  or  twice  a  day.    Slight 
relaxation  of  the  bowels  is  desirable.    If  there  be 
scabs,  these  should  be  softened  with  some  sort  of  oil 
and  the  dog  washed  all  over  (see  page  23)  with  soap 
and  luke-warm  water.    Then  apply  a  little  zinc  oint- 
ment, or  if  the  dog  scratches,  sulphur  ointment  to 
the  aflTected  parts.  These  can  be  purchased  in  any 
chemist's  shop.    Skin  disease  is  often  caused  by 
worms.    If  the  simple  treatment  just  detailed  does 
not  suffice,  consult  an  expert. 

2>wfempcr.-This  disease  is  the  great  fatal  malady 
among  dogs.  It  is  a  highly  contagions  fever  and 
faUs  more  dogs  than  any  other  cause  unless  it  be 
worms. 

If  a  dog,  hitherto  well,  refuses  food,  is  dull,  falls 
oflf  in  flesh  and  is  feverish,  suspect  distemper 
especially  if  a  puppy  and  it  is  the  fall  of  the  year.' 
If  you  can  get  the  advice  of  an  expert  seek  it  at  once. 
If  not  give  the  dog  a  dose  of  castor  oil,  house  com- 
fortably, shielding  him  from  draughts  and-  cold.  If 
the  weather  is  cold  put  on  a  blanket,  feed  him  on 
light  and^ood  food  such  as  he  will  take  for  the  first 


"UmiM-tii'i-ate 


t;''ay.,.. . 


oiry, 

iog  and  exercise 

well-bred  dogs, 
i    It  is  best  to ' 
f;  oa  meat  alone 
lad  much  meat, 
dogs,  a  fast  of 
iSeot.    Snlpbnr 
it  of  half  a  tea- 
3  a  day.    Slight 
e.    If  there  be 
some  sort  of  oil 
)  23)  with  soap 
little  zinc  oint- 
nr  ointment  to 
chased  in  any 
ten  caused  by 
b  detailed  does 

it  fatal  malady 
ODS  fever  and 
)  unless  it  be 

d,  is  dall,  falls 
ot  distemper, 
11  of  the  year, 
leek  it  at  once, 
il,  house  com- 
and-  cold.  If 
,  feed  him  on 
le  for  the  first 


ItoW  W  top  A  WW  *«  ***  *^**' 


St 


time,  a  day  tor  «  to  W  daj^  ^^  a  teMpoontal  to 
gi«codli-«>toilm«>«f«>*.'^    Don't  give  any 

V'^':^u!Zg  U  "^S.  to^the/i.  non, 
one',  remedy  beUevingit      v  ran,  keep 

known.  ,f''"*'t5iVCm  water  tonching  the 

AfLer  the  puppy  «  ^    .,     ,  !JIh  water  to  which 
disinfectedbyscrabbmgxtoutw^^^^^^^ 

erode  oarboUo  acid  has  been  «^^f^  J*  \    .^  ^ii  the 

to  a  gallon)  and  then  b«^-g  -^P^- ^^^^  '^  ,,,t 

openings  being  closed.    ^^«^^^^     b  should  then 
Jihe  building  for  several  hours. 

be  thoroughly  ventahjted.  ^^^^  j^  ^ 

to  cMorolorm  the  dog  to  death.  tagion, 

='™.rtT»c^to;:i:t^^'t^'-^ 

disease  it  is  not »««« »**7/^  iLated  from  all  others, 
!^t1Sru%t:^^Wrhen.ing.e.with 


88 


HOW  TO  tMBP  A  boa  nr  »HB  oiw. 


other  dogs.    A  dog  is  not  usually  safe  for  six  to 
eight  weeks  after  tho  outbreak  of  the  disease. 

While  we  have  thought  it  well  to  mention  some  of 
the  ailments  of  dogs,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  this 
chapter  will  not  frighten  anyone.  Tour  puppy  may 
have  none  of  these  troublea  If  they  do  come,  how- 
ever, you  will  now  not  be  wholly  unprepared. 


ovn, 

safe  for  six  to 
)  disease, 
aention  some  of 
oped  that  this 
oarpnppjmay 
do  come,  how* 
irepared. 


BOWtO  ««P  >^  »<X»  «  ™"  °^' 


CHAPTER    XI. 

FUPPl'S  ACCIDEWTB. 

v.nrn«    stiiiffs,  dislocatioBS, 
r^OALDS,  poisoBing,  ^«f'  "^^^^  ^^ong  the 
S    fractures,  sprams.  cut^e^.««^^^^^^ 
posribiUties,  but  are  most  of  them 
bilities.  .   .v.^^^  be  secured  at 

In  these  cases  ««^.  ^^'J  ^^^^'^  .omething  may 
once.    Xilllioi**^*^**   ' 

be  done.  :„„„;„„  vomiting  must  be  en- 

In  aU  oases  of  poisomng.  ^°^^^.j  .^.  ^as  not 

eouraged  if  i\^- ,^0  s  te  Suse  of  the  deati. 
«Eoughonrats  j^^t^'^^^^entally.  Strychnine  is 
of  many  a  dog  and  cat  ^^^^^^^^  ^em.  The 
^**^^*^'w"1L"t^heldi^toogreatreprob^ 
"poison  fiend  ^^^f^TkiUed  for  good  reason,  as 
tion ;  when  a  dog  is  to  be  kdl«J J^     ^  ^^^^^ed. 

-^tfbestemeU.  i-^^X-t^^^^^^i 
15  to  aO  grains,  ^^^"^^^^^^  not  to  hand 
doses  every  five  f  «^^^«-    f  J^^^y^  poureddown 

afew  tablespoonfutoof  f ^^^J^^^^^^  vomiting, 
^ithiswilldueldthestom^achand^o 

While  of  egg  answer  aaimU^^^^ 

oause.  convulsions  or  P^^^V^t  antidotein  doses 
Binm  or  chloral  hydrate  19  the  besii  anw» 

of  lBtoS»g»«»n*  , 


ttoW  *o  fcitt  A  iMM  iir  Ms  etrf. 

8tinff».—A  dog  may  be  so  seyerelj  stang  that  his 
life  is  endangered.  The  wounds  should  be  bathed 
with  ammonia  and  water  (a  teaspoonfal  to  a  pint) 
and  the  dog  given  internally  a  teaspoonfal  of  arom- 
atic spirits  of  ammonia  in  water  every  half  hour  till 
four  or  five  doses  are  taken. 

Cttte.— When  large  require  stitchea  In  any  case 
all  dirt  ahonld  be  washed  out  with  Inke-warm  water 
and  the  wounds  covered  with  a  clean  rag  at  once. 

^^ttM.— When  recent  should  be  bathed  with 
cold  water;  later  if  swelling  sets  in  and  inflammation 
threatens,  warm  water  and  vinegar  will  be  better. 
When  the  acute  stage  is  past,  rubbing  with  a  stimu- 
lating liniment  is  useful 

DidocatUms  should  be  reduced  as  soon  as  possible 
by  an  expert  or  the  result  may  be  serious. 

Fractures  require  setting  also  by  an  expert  and  the 
dog  in  both  these  oases  must  be  confined. 

Bitrw  and  Skalda  are  so  painful  that  an  opiate  (10 
drops  of  laudanum)  should  be  given  when  they  are 
severe.  The  surface  should  be  kept  from  the  air  by 
oovering  it  with  a  coating  of  oil,  vaseline,  or  a 
mixture  of  equal  parte  of  linseed  oil  and  lime  water. 

Fortunately  all  sorto  of  injuries  tend  to  recovery 
much  sooner  in  the  lower  animals  than  in  wftti 


$ 


v> 


"■'»c.*»iaii.sw>«>'-'»i*".'.'i,i?t.*,W^ 


stung  that  Ms 
ild  be  bathed 
fal  to  a  pint) 
>nfal  of  arom- 
half  hoar  till 


In  any  case 
ce-warm  water 
rag  at  onoe. 

bathed  with 

inflammation 

rill  be  better. 

with  a  stimn- 


on  as  possible 
ons. 

apert  and  the 
ted. 

an  opiate  (10 
rhen  the j  are 
om  the  air  by 
aseline,  or  a 
i  lime  water, 
i  to  reoovezy 
A  in  man. 


I 


Wl 


*  . 


mii.ii  i.iimi>i'j.iui....i,  l-i-,kj  Ji-  ..i.'H'!',  °M 


uV,.ii.iii  li »)iij---  '.  '!uii  'ipi'^'pfjHBBBI 


